• Reduce pigmentation.
• Reduce redness and inflammation.
• Prevent photoaging.
• Hydrate the skin

Highly concentrated Niacinamide serum. An active serum to reduce redness, inflammation, pigmentation, acne and improve skin texture. Niacinamide is one of the most studied skincare ingredients. Numerous peer-reviewed studies have revealed its numerous benefits on the skin, including clinically proven efficacy in brightening skin, reducing acne, blemishes, improving the skin barrier and rebalancing the skin micro-biome. - Has a positive effect in reducing skin pigmentation to provide a more even complexion. It helps to stop the transfer of existing melanin from melanocytes to keratinocytes. In addition to inhibiting melanosome transfer, niacinamide has also been reported to interfere with the initiation of melanin synthesis regulated by messenger molecules, α-MSH and endothelin-1, secreted by keratinocytes . - Provides a significant positive effect on the expression of AQP3 thus improving skin hydration. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transport proteins involved in the movement of water and small solutes across cell membranes. - Demonstrated a positive effect on the expression of several proteins essential for the formation and maintenance of the skin barrier, including filaggrin, involucrin and keratin. Additionally, niacinamide has been shown to improve the lipid composition of the epidermal barrier, increasing the amount of ceramides produced by keratinocytes. - Reduces the level and growth of C. acnes, and has little or no effect on the other two commensal species present, S. epidermidis and S. hominis. Although C. acnes is also a commensal bacterial species, studies have shown that a higher proportion of this species compared to others has been linked to visible changes in skin appearance. Niacinamide reduces the appearance of blemishes with twice-daily application of a 5% niacinamide serum, with skewed effectiveness in people with oily skin.

MAIN ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

• Niacinamide (5%)
• Olive oil squalane (10%)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

Wash your face before applying your serum. Take a small amount of the product. Dab it on your face. Follow an upward circular direction to massage the serum into your skin. Avoid the eye area. This intensive treatment should be used daily over a period of 10 to 15 days in the evening.